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Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are several types of PSK, each with its own characteristics and applications. The main types of PSK include Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Offset QPSK … Read more
8-PSK (8-Phase Shift Keying) is a digital modulation scheme used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. It is an extension of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), allowing for the transmission of three bits per symbol. In 8-PSK, the carrier signal is … Read more
A CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) spreading code, often referred to as a “code” or “spread code,” is a fundamental element in CDMA communication systems. CDMA relies on the use of unique spreading codes assigned to individual users to enable multiple users to share the same frequency band simultaneously. These spreading codes play a crucial … Read more
In CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) cellular networks, a “handoff,” also known as a “handover,” is a crucial process that occurs when a mobile device transitions from one cell (base station) to another while maintaining an ongoing communication session. The primary purpose of handoffs in CDMA is to ensure seamless and uninterrupted connectivity as a … Read more
The Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID) is a unique identifier assigned to mobile devices, specifically mobile phones, in CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) networks. MEID is designed to serve as a globally unique identification number for individual mobile devices, similar to the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) used in GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) networks. … Read more
What is a PN Sequence? A PN sequence, or Pseudo-Noise sequence, is a deterministic sequence of binary values (0s and 1s) that appears to be random but is generated by a specific algorithm or generator. Although it mimics the statistical properties of noise, it is entirely predictable and repeatable. PN sequences are widely used in … Read more
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a digital modulation scheme that represents digital data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are different variations and types of QPSK, each with its own characteristics and applications. The primary types of QPSK include: 1. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK): BPSK is the simplest form of … Read more
The IS-95 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, also known as CDMAOne, is a digital cellular technology that was the first standard to use CDMA for commercial mobile communications. The IS-95 CDMA system introduced several key features that contributed to its success and paved the way for subsequent CDMA standards. Here are four significant features … Read more
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are two main types of PSK: Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). Let’s delve into the details of each: 1. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK): … Read more
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a digital modulation scheme that transmits data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are two main types of QPSK: Offset QPSK (OQPSK) and π/4-QPSK. Let’s explore the details of each: 1. Offset QPSK (OQPSK): OQPSK is a modified version of QPSK that addresses certain issues related … Read more