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8-PSK (8-Phase Shift Keying) is a digital modulation scheme used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. It is an extension of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), allowing for the transmission of three bits per symbol. In 8-PSK, the carrier signal is … Read more
A CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) spreading code, often referred to as a “code” or “spread code,” is a fundamental element in CDMA communication systems. CDMA relies on the use of unique spreading codes assigned to individual users to enable multiple users to share the same frequency band simultaneously. These spreading codes play a crucial … Read more
In CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) cellular networks, a “handoff,” also known as a “handover,” is a crucial process that occurs when a mobile device transitions from one cell (base station) to another while maintaining an ongoing communication session. The primary purpose of handoffs in CDMA is to ensure seamless and uninterrupted connectivity as a … Read more
The Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID) is a unique identifier assigned to mobile devices, specifically mobile phones, in CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) networks. MEID is designed to serve as a globally unique identification number for individual mobile devices, similar to the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) used in GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) networks. … Read more
A Pseudo-Noise (PN) sequence is a deterministic and pseudo-random binary sequence that exhibits characteristics similar to a truly random sequence. In the context of communication systems, PN sequences are often used as spreading codes in spread spectrum modulation techniques, including Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks. Let’s delve into the details of PN sequences and … Read more
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a digital modulation scheme that transmits data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are two main types of QPSK: Offset QPSK (OQPSK) and π/4-QPSK. Let’s explore the details of each: 1. Offset QPSK (OQPSK): OQPSK is a modified version of QPSK that addresses certain issues related … Read more
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) are related concepts, but they are not exactly the same. Both are techniques used in communication systems to achieve multiple access, allowing multiple users to share the same frequency band simultaneously. Let’s explore the details of each and understand their similarities and differences. 1. … Read more
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a digital modulation scheme that represents digital data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are different variations and types of QPSK, each with its own characteristics and applications. The primary types of QPSK include: 1. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK): BPSK is the simplest form of … Read more
The IS-95 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, also known as CDMAOne, is a digital cellular technology that was the first standard to use CDMA for commercial mobile communications. The IS-95 CDMA system introduced several key features that contributed to its success and paved the way for subsequent CDMA standards. Here are four significant features … Read more
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are two main types of PSK: Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). Let’s delve into the details of each: 1. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK): … Read more