5G Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture is a transitional approach that combines existing 4G LTE infrastructure with 5G capabilities. It allows devices to simultaneously connect to both 4G and 5G networks, providing…
Device-to-Device (D2D) communications in 5G have diverse applications. They enhance mobile broadband, ensuring faster and more efficient data transfer. In emergencies, D2D allows direct communication for public safety. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)…
The interface between the Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG RAN) and the 5G Core Network (5GC) is known as the “N3 interface.” What is the name of the interface between…
In the 5G New Radio (NR) protocol stack, one of the new protocols introduced is the Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS) architecture. This architecture allows for the separation of…
The connection between the User Equipment (UE) and the eNodeB (Evolved Node B) that carries user data in LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and 4G networks is called the “Bearer.” Bearers are…