In 5G, SA (Standalone) architecture refers to a fully independent and self-sufficient network architecture that comprises the new 5G radio access network (NR) and the 5G core network (5GC). Unlike NSA (Non-Standalone) architecture, where the 5G NR relies on the existing 4G LTE core network (EPC), SA architecture represents the complete and standalone implementation of 5G technologies. This architecture unlocks the full potential of 5G, offering advanced features, increased performance, and support for a wide range of use cases.
Key components and characteristics of the SA architecture in 5G include:
- 5G Radio Access Network (NR):
- In SA architecture, the 5G NR operates independently, providing enhanced radio capabilities compared to previous generations. The 5G NR includes new features such as higher data rates, lower latency, increased spectrum efficiency, and improved connectivity to support a diverse set of devices and applications.
- 5G Core Network (5GC):
- The SA architecture introduces the 5GC, a new core network designed specifically for 5G. The 5GC is a modular and cloud-native architecture that enables flexible and efficient deployment of network functions. It is built to support advanced services, network slicing, low-latency communication, and massive machine-type communication (mMTC).
- Network Slicing:
- SA architecture facilitates the implementation of network slicing, a key feature that allows operators to partition their network infrastructure into multiple virtual networks. Each network slice is tailored to meet the specific requirements of different services, applications, or industries, ensuring optimal performance, resource allocation, and isolation.
- Service-Based Architecture (SBA):
- SA adopts a service-based architecture, emphasizing the use of application programming interfaces (APIs) for communication between network functions. This modular and standardized approach enhances flexibility, scalability, and interoperability within the 5G network.
- Low Latency and High Reliability:
- SA architecture is designed to deliver low-latency communication, making it suitable for applications that require real-time responsiveness, such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and critical industrial automation. Additionally, the architecture ensures high reliability, crucial for mission-critical services and applications.
- Massive IoT Support:
- SA architecture is optimized to support massive machine-type communication (mMTC), enabling the connectivity of a vast number of IoT devices. This is essential for the deployment of IoT applications across various industries, including smart cities, agriculture, and healthcare.
- Evolutionary Path:
- The transition to SA architecture represents the maturation and full realization of 5G capabilities. Operators may initially deploy NSA to provide early 5G services, gradually transitioning to SA as they build the infrastructure for a standalone 5G core network.
In summary, SA architecture in 5G is characterized by its independence from legacy networks, introducing a standalone 5G core network alongside the new 5G radio access network. This architecture enables the deployment of advanced services, supports diverse use cases, and positions 5G as a transformative technology for various industries.