Frequency Range 1 (FR1) in 5G, also known as Sub-6 GHz, refers to the range of frequency bands below 6 GHz that are utilized for wireless communication. This frequency range is a fundamental component of 5G networks and serves as the foundation for providing wide-area coverage, seamless integration with existing wireless technologies, and diverse use cases.
Key aspects of the FR1 frequency range include:
- Frequency Bands: FR1 encompasses various frequency bands below 6 GHz, and the specific bands vary based on regulatory allocations in different regions. Some of the commonly used frequency bands in FR1 include the 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5 GHz bands, among others.
- Coverage Characteristics: FR1 is characterized by its ability to provide broad coverage and better penetration through obstacles like buildings. Lower-frequency bands, such as 600 MHz and 700 MHz, are well-suited for covering large geographic areas, including rural and suburban environments.
- Compatibility with Existing Networks: FR1 is designed to coexist and integrate seamlessly with existing 4G (LTE) networks, allowing for a smooth transition to 5G. This compatibility ensures that operators can deploy 5G services without disrupting existing services and connectivity.
- Balancing Coverage and Capacity: While FR1 provides broad coverage, it also offers a balance between coverage and capacity. The mid-band frequencies, such as the 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz bands, strike a balance that makes them suitable for both urban and suburban deployments, offering higher data rates compared to lower-frequency bands.
- Use Cases: FR1 supports a wide range of 5G use cases, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). It is instrumental in delivering improved data rates, reduced latency, and enhanced network reliability.
- Global Standardization: The frequency bands within FR1 are globally standardized by organizations like the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), ensuring interoperability and compatibility across different networks and devices worldwide.
- Deployment Scenarios: FR1 is suitable for deploying 5G services in diverse scenarios, from urban and suburban environments to rural areas. Its coverage characteristics make it a key component in achieving ubiquitous 5G connectivity.
In summary, FR1 in 5G represents the frequency bands below 6 GHz that are essential for providing wide-area coverage, compatibility with existing networks, and supporting a variety of use cases. The deployment of 5G services in FR1 ensures a seamless transition from previous generations of wireless technologies and contributes to the realization of the broader 5G vision.