Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2) are terms used in the context of 5G to define different frequency bands or ranges in which the 5G wireless communication system operates. These frequency ranges are essential for understanding the deployment scenarios, coverage characteristics, and technical considerations associated with 5G networks.
- FR1 (Frequency Range 1):
- FR1, also known as Sub-6 GHz, encompasses frequency bands below 6 GHz. This range includes frequencies traditionally used by previous generations of wireless networks, such as LTE and Wi-Fi. FR1 is characterized by its ability to provide wide-area coverage and better penetration through obstacles like buildings, making it suitable for urban and suburban deployments.
- The lower frequencies in FR1, such as the 600 MHz, 700 MHz, and 2.5 GHz bands, are well-suited for achieving broad coverage and serving as the foundation for 5G networks. FR1 facilitates the deployment of 5G in existing frequency bands, ensuring compatibility with legacy networks and devices.
- FR2 (Frequency Range 2):
- FR2, also known as mmWave (millimeter-wave), includes frequency bands above 24 GHz. These higher frequencies offer significantly wider bandwidths, enabling faster data rates and supporting the high capacity demands of 5G networks. Bands in FR2 include 24 GHz, 28 GHz, 39 GHz, and other millimeter-wave frequencies.
- The use of mmWave frequencies in FR2 allows for the delivery of ultra-fast data speeds and low-latency communication. However, these frequencies have limited range and are more susceptible to signal attenuation due to environmental factors like rain and obstacles. As a result, FR2 is often deployed in dense urban areas, stadiums, and other high-capacity scenarios.
Understanding the distinction between FR1 and FR2 is crucial for network planning and optimization in 5G deployments. Telecom operators strategically utilize both frequency ranges based on the specific requirements of a given scenario. FR1 provides wide-area coverage and reliable connectivity, while FR2 delivers the high capacity and data rates needed in densely populated urban environments.
In summary, FR1 and FR2 in 5G represent different frequency ranges with distinct characteristics, enabling 5G networks to balance coverage, capacity, and performance across various deployment scenarios. The combination of these frequency ranges contributes to the versatility and effectiveness of 5G technology.