The term “5G Non-Standalone (NSA) option” refers to a deployment strategy for 5th generation (5G) mobile networks that involves the integration of 5G capabilities while still relying on existing 4G LTE (Long-Term Evolution) infrastructure. In a 5G NSA deployment, the new 5G radio access network (gNB) is introduced, but it continues to leverage the existing 4G core network (Evolved Packet Core – EPC) for certain functionalities. This approach allows for a gradual transition to a full-fledged 5G network while providing some of the benefits of 5G connectivity. Let’s delve into the details of 5G NSA:
1. Deployment Overview:
Definition:
- 5G NSA is a transitional deployment option where 5G radio access is introduced while the core network remains based on 4G LTE infrastructure.
Characteristics:
- Coexistence with 4G: In 5G NSA, the 5G radio access network (gNB) coexists with the 4G LTE radio access network (eNB).
- Dual Connectivity: Devices in 5G NSA mode can connect to both 5G and 4G networks simultaneously, enabling a seamless transition between the two.
Considerations:
- Interoperability: 5G NSA ensures interoperability with existing 4G networks, allowing for a smooth introduction of 5G capabilities.
2. Key Components:
5G Radio Access Network (gNB):
- Introduction of gNB: The gNB is a fundamental component of 5G radio access, providing connectivity and advanced features.
- Enhanced Capabilities: The gNB introduces advanced modulation techniques, massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), and support for new frequency bands.
Evolved Packet Core (EPC):
- Utilization of 4G Core: The core network, known as Evolved Packet Core (EPC), remains based on 4G LTE infrastructure.
- Dual Connectivity Support: The 4G core supports dual connectivity, allowing devices to simultaneously connect to both 5G and 4G networks.
3. Key Functionalities:
Dual Connectivity:
- Simultaneous Connection: Devices in 5G NSA mode can establish simultaneous connections to both 5G and 4G networks.
- Seamless Handovers: Dual connectivity enables seamless handovers between 5G and 4G based on network conditions and coverage availability.
Network Slicing:
- Introduction of Slicing: 5G NSA supports network slicing, allowing the creation of virtualized, dedicated networks for specific applications or services.
- Enhanced Service Customization: Network slicing enhances the customization of services based on specific requirements, contributing to improved quality of service.
4. Use Cases and Applications:
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB):
- Higher Data Rates: 5G NSA provides higher data rates, contributing to an enhanced mobile broadband experience.
- Improved Throughput: Users can benefit from improved throughput for activities such as video streaming and large file downloads.
Initial 5G Deployments:
- Early 5G Adoption: 5G NSA allows for early deployment of 5G services and connectivity without a complete overhaul of the core network.
- Smooth Transition: Operators can gradually introduce 5G capabilities, easing the transition from 4G to full 5G standalone (SA) networks.
5. Challenges and Considerations:
Migration to Standalone (SA):
- Transition Planning: 5G NSA is considered an intermediate step, and operators plan for a subsequent migration to full 5G standalone (SA) networks.
- Core Network Evolution: The eventual shift to standalone 5G involves evolving the core network to a 5G-native architecture.
Network Resource Optimization:
- Efficient Spectrum Utilization: While 5G NSA provides enhanced connectivity, optimizing the use of spectrum resources is crucial for maximizing network efficiency.
- Balancing 4G and 5G Resources: Operators need to balance resources between 4G and 5G networks to ensure optimal performance.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) represents a phased approach to the deployment of 5G networks, introducing 5G radio access while leveraging existing 4G LTE infrastructure. This approach allows for early adoption of 5G capabilities, providing higher data rates and improved connectivity, while planning for a gradual transition to standalone 5G networks. The 5G NSA option plays a crucial role in facilitating the evolution of mobile networks, offering operators flexibility and a strategic pathway to a fully realized 5G future.