A router and modem are distinct networking devices with different functions: A modem is a device that modulates and demodulates analog signals to transmit digital data over communication channels such as telephone lines, cable systems, or fiber optic cables. Its primary function is to establish and maintain a connection to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), … Read more
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails from a client to a server or between servers. POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) is used for retrieving emails from a server to a client. SMTP handles outgoing mail, while POP3 handles incoming mail. SMTP and POP3 differ in their primary functions and use … Read more
An access point (AP) is defined as a networking device that allows wireless devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets, to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi or other wireless standards. It acts as a bridge between wireless devices and the wired network infrastructure, providing wireless connectivity within its coverage area. In networking terminologies, … Read more
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a security protocol that establishes an encrypted link between a web server and a browser. HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is an extension of HTTP that uses SSL or its successor TLS (Transport Layer Security) to encrypt data transmitted between the web server and the browser, ensuring secure communication. HTTPS … Read more
A DMZ port on a router or firewall is used to connect a device or a network segment that requires exposure to the public internet while still maintaining some security controls. It allows external access to specific services without exposing the internal network. The purpose of a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) is to add an extra … Read more
What is IP Called? IP stands for Internet Protocol, a fundamental communication protocol in the TCP/IP suite used for relaying packets of data across network boundaries. It is primarily responsible for addressing, routing, and delivering packets from the source host to the destination host based on their IP addresses. IP is a network layer protocol, … Read more
DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network. NAT (Network Address Translation) modifies network address information in IP packet headers while in transit, enabling multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address. NAT (Network Address Translation) translates … Read more
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is known for its reliability in data transmission. It ensures that data sent over a network arrives at its destination intact and in the correct order. TCP achieves this through mechanisms such as error detection, retransmission of lost packets, and flow control to manage data transmission rates effectively. TCP is best … Read more
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a service that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a less secure network, such as the internet. It is used to protect data privacy, ensure secure remote access to a network, and conceal the user’s IP address and online activities. The main purpose of a VPN is to … Read more
In the OSI model, a repeater operates at Layer 1, also known as the physical layer. Its primary function is to regenerate and amplify signals as they travel across a network medium, such as a copper wire or fiber optic cable. By boosting the signal, a repeater extends the distance over which data can reliably … Read more