Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a widely used digital modulation technique in communication systems, where the phase of the carrier signal is varied to represent different symbols. While PSK is efficient and widely adopted, it is not without challenges. One notable problem with PSK is its susceptibility to phase noise and synchronization issues. Let’s delve … Read more
CDMA 1X, often referred to as simply “1X,” is a 2G (second generation) digital wireless communication standard based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology. It represents an enhancement and evolution of the original CDMA technology, providing improvements in data transfer rates, voice quality, and network capacity. CDMA 1X was a significant advancement over the … Read more
CDMA 450, also known as CDMA 450MHz, is a specific implementation of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology that operates in the 450 MHz frequency band. This technology is part of the larger family of CDMA-based wireless communication standards and is designed to provide mobile telecommunication services in the 450 MHz spectrum. Let’s explore the … Read more
CDMA 95, also known as IS-95 (Interim Standard 95), is the first generation (1G) CDMA-based digital cellular technology that was developed and standardized by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA). It laid the foundation for later CDMA-based standards such as CDMA2000. CDMA 95 introduced several system features that were instrumental in shaping the landscape of digital … Read more
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a digital cellular technology that allows multiple users to share the same frequency band simultaneously through the use of unique codes. One crucial aspect of CDMA is the utilization of orthogonal codes, which are sequences of binary digits designed to be mutually orthogonal. Let’s explore CDMA and delve into … Read more
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are several types of PSK, each with its own characteristics and applications. The main types of PSK include Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Offset QPSK … Read more
8-PSK (8-Phase Shift Keying) is a digital modulation scheme used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. It is an extension of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), allowing for the transmission of three bits per symbol. In 8-PSK, the carrier signal is … Read more
A CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) spreading code, often referred to as a “code” or “spread code,” is a fundamental element in CDMA communication systems. CDMA relies on the use of unique spreading codes assigned to individual users to enable multiple users to share the same frequency band simultaneously. These spreading codes play a crucial … Read more
In CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) cellular networks, a “handoff,” also known as a “handover,” is a crucial process that occurs when a mobile device transitions from one cell (base station) to another while maintaining an ongoing communication session. The primary purpose of handoffs in CDMA is to ensure seamless and uninterrupted connectivity as a … Read more
The Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID) is a unique identifier assigned to mobile devices, specifically mobile phones, in CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) networks. MEID is designed to serve as a globally unique identification number for individual mobile devices, similar to the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) used in GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) networks. … Read more