In GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), the total number of channels in a frequency band depends on the specific band and the duplexing scheme used. GSM uses a combination of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to divide the frequency band into multiple channels. The two main frequency bands … Read more
The gain of a J-pole antenna can vary depending on its design and construction. The gain is typically specified in decibels over isotropic (dBi) or decibels over a dipole (dBd). The J-pole antenna is a type of end-fed dipole antenna, and its gain is influenced by factors such as the length of the elements, the … Read more
An active antenna operates by incorporating active electronic components, typically an amplifier, into its design to enhance the reception and transmission of radiofrequency signals. Here’s a detailed explanation of how an active antenna works: Components of an Active Antenna: 1. Antenna Element: Similar to passive antennas, active antennas have a physical element designed to capture … Read more
Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) are designed to enhance wireless communication by improving signal coverage and capacity in specific areas. The DAS antenna plays a crucial role in this system. Below is an explanation of how a DAS antenna works: Components of a DAS Antenna: 1. Antenna Elements: DAS antennas typically consist of multiple antenna elements, … Read more
GSM-R, which stands for Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway, is a specialized wireless communication system designed for railway operations. It is based on the GSM standard but has specific features tailored to meet the requirements of the railway industry. Here’s a detailed explanation of how GSM-R works: GSM-R Components and Architecture: 1. Mobile … Read more
The height of a ham radio antenna depends on various factors, including the frequency of operation, the type of antenna, local regulations, and practical considerations. Here are some general guidelines: 1. Frequency Considerations: Higher Frequencies (VHF/UHF): For VHF (Very High Frequency) and UHF (Ultra High Frequency) bands, antennas are often mounted at moderate heights. This … Read more
The optimal height for a J-pole antenna, like any other antenna, depends on several factors, including the frequency of operation, the surrounding environment, and the specific design of the antenna. Here are some general guidelines for mounting a J-pole antenna: 1. Frequency Considerations: VHF/UHF Bands: J-pole antennas are commonly used for VHF (Very High Frequency) … Read more
Certainly. Let’s explore the concept of active antennas and the role of power in their operation. Understanding Active Antennas 1. Passive vs. Active Antennas Antennas are broadly categorized as either passive or active. The key distinction lies in their ability to amplify signals. Passive Antennas: These antennas do not have built-in amplification capabilities. They rely … Read more
Calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in decibels (dB) involves comparing the power of the signal to the power of the noise. The formula for SNR in dB is as follows: ���dB=10⋅log10(�signal�noise)SNRdB=10⋅log10(PnoisePsignal) Where: ���dBSNRdB is the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels. �signalPsignal is the power of the signal. �noisePnoise is the power of the noise. It’s important … Read more
A Yagi antenna is a type of directional antenna commonly used to improve reception in various communication applications. It consists of several elements arranged in a specific pattern to enhance the antenna’s performance. Below, I’ll delve into the details of how a Yagi antenna works and its impact on reception. How Yagi Antennas Work 1. … Read more