NFC (Near Field Communication) works by enabling short-range wireless communication between devices that are equipped with NFC chips. It operates on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and allows devices to exchange data when they are within a close proximity of a few centimeters. NFC devices can either be active (powered) or passive (unpowered).
On a phone, NFC functionality is typically integrated into the device’s hardware and software. To initiate communication, one device (like a smartphone) sends out a radio signal that can be picked up by another NFC-enabled device, such as another smartphone, a payment terminal, or an NFC tag. This signal allows devices to exchange information, such as contact details, payment information, or instructions for connecting to Wi-Fi networks.
NFC can operate without external power because it utilizes electromagnetic induction to generate a current within the passive device (like an NFC tag) when it is brought close to an active NFC device (like a smartphone). This current provides enough power for the passive device to send back information stored within it, such as a web link, a payment token, or identification data.
The mechanism of NFC involves two primary modes: active and passive. In active mode, both devices involved in the communication process generate their own radio frequency fields, enabling them to exchange data bidirectionally. In passive mode, one device (typically an NFC tag or a passive NFC device) does not generate its own radio frequency field but instead utilizes the energy from the active NFC device to power itself and communicate data back to the active device.
NFC payment works by securely transmitting payment information between an NFC-enabled device (like a smartphone or a contactless card) and an NFC payment terminal. To initiate a payment, the user holds their NFC-enabled device close to the payment terminal. The terminal detects the NFC signal, establishes a secure connection with the device, and securely transfers the payment information, such as credit card details or a digital wallet token. The transaction is authorized and completed without the need for physical contact or the exchange of sensitive information, providing a convenient and secure payment method for users.