The Domain Name System (DNS) is a decentralized system that translates human-readable domain names (like example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1) that computers use to identify each other on the network. This translation process is crucial for enabling users to access websites, send emails, and perform other internet activities using memorable domain names rather than numeric IP addresses.
Domain names work by providing a hierarchical structure for organizing internet addresses. Each domain name consists of several parts separated by dots, such as www.example.com. The rightmost part (com in this case) is the top-level domain (TLD), which is managed by a domain registry. The next part to the left (example in this case) is the second-level domain, often owned by the entity controlling the domain. Together, these parts form a unique address that directs users to specific resources on the internet.
A DNS server works step by step by receiving DNS queries from client devices, typically through their internet service provider or configured DNS settings. The server first checks its local cache for the requested domain name’s IP address. If it’s not cached, the server queries other DNS servers in a hierarchical manner, starting from the root DNS servers and moving down to authoritative servers for the specific domain. Once the IP address is found, it is returned to the client device, enabling it to connect to the requested resource on the internet.
A domain is a human-readable name associated with a specific IP address or set of addresses on the internet. It acts as a convenient alias for numeric IP addresses, making it easier for users to remember and access websites, servers, and other resources. Domains are managed through domain registrars and can be purchased and renewed by individuals, organizations, or businesses to establish their online presence and identity.
Nameservers are specialized servers responsible for handling DNS queries and providing information about domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. Each domain typically has multiple nameservers designated to manage its DNS records and respond to queries from DNS clients. Nameservers store authoritative DNS records for the domains they manage, ensuring reliable and efficient resolution of domain names to IP addresses across the internet.