Richard Jhon Pi Attenuator Calculator Formula The Pi Attenuator Calculator computes the resistor values for a Pi-type attenuator using the following formulas: R1 = Z₀ × (K + 1) / (K – 1) R2 = Z₀ × (K² – 1) / (2 × K) where K = 10^(A / 20), A is the desired attenuation in dB, … Read more
Formula for EIRP conversion calculator The EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) can be calculated using the following formula: EIRP(dBm) = Transmit Power (dBm) – Total Loss (dB) + Antenna Gain (dBi) Formula Explanation This formula calculates the effective isotropic radiated power of a transmitter. The transmit power is first converted to dBm if it is … Read more
Free Space Path Loss Formula FSPL(dB) = 20 log10(d) + 20 log10(f) + 92.45 – Gtx – Grx Formula Explanation This Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) conversion calculator estimates the loss of signal strength over a clear line-of-sight path. The formula uses distance (d) in kilometers, frequency (f) in GHz, and subtracts the transmitting (Gtx) … Read more
LC Circuit Resonant Frequency Formula The LC Circuit Resonant Frequency conversion calculator determines the natural oscillation frequency of an LC circuit using the following formula: f = 1 / (2π × √(L × C)) Formula Explanation In this formula, L represents the inductance in henries, and C represents the capacitance in farads. The resonant frequency … Read more
Skin Depth Formula The Skin Depth conversion calculator uses the formula: δ = √(ρ / (π × f × μ₀ × μr)) Formula Explanation This formula calculates the skin depth δ, which represents the depth at which electromagnetic waves penetrate a conductor. Here, ρ is the resistivity of the material in ohm-meters, f is the … Read more
VSWR Calculator Formula The VSWR Calculator determines key parameters of a transmission line based on the input VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio). The main formulas used are: Reflection Coefficient (Γ) = (VSWR – 1) / (VSWR + 1) Return Loss (RL) = -20 × log10(Γ) Mismatch Loss (ML) = -10 × log10(1 – Γ²) Formula … Read more
TEM Wavelength Calculator Formula λ = 300 / (F × √εr) Formula Explanation This TEM Wavelength conversion calculator determines the wavelength (λ) of a signal in a medium with relative permittivity εr. The frequency F is in GHz, and the formula accounts for the reduction of wave speed in dielectric materials by dividing 300 (speed … Read more
Capacitive Reactance & Admittance Calculator Formula The Capacitive Reactance conversion calculator computes the opposition a capacitor presents to AC current (XC) and the corresponding capacitive susceptance (BC). XC = 1 / (2π × f × C) BC (m-mhos) = 2π × f × C × 1000 Formula Explanation In this formula, XC represents the capacitive … Read more
PPM/PPB to Hz Conversion Formula Δf = f × (stability / 10⁶) Formula Explanation This PPM/PPB to Hz conversion calculator converts frequency stability values given in parts per million (PPM) or parts per billion (PPB) into an actual frequency variation in Hertz. The oscillator frequency (f) is multiplied by the normalized stability factor (stability divided … Read more
Return Loss to VSWR Formula The Return Loss conversion calculator uses the reflection coefficient (Γ) to determine the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). Γ = 10^(-RL / 20) VSWR = (1 + Γ) / (1 – Γ) Formula Explanation The reflection coefficient Γ represents the portion of power reflected by a load due to impedance … Read more