A subnetwork, or subnet, functions as a logical subdivision of a larger network. It works by using subnet masks to divide a single Class A, B, or C network into smaller, more manageable segments. Each subnet operates as an independent network entity within the larger network infrastructure, allowing for localized control over network traffic, management, and security policies. Subnets are defined by configuring IP addresses with subnet masks that determine which portion of the IP address identifies the network and which portion identifies hosts within that network. This segmentation helps reduce broadcast traffic, optimize routing efficiency, and enhance overall network performance.
A subnet is a division of an IP network into smaller, interconnected networks known as subnets. It works by assigning a subnet mask to an IP address, which designates the network portion and the host portion of the address. For example, in a subnet with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (/24 in CIDR notation), the first three octets identify the network, while the last octet identifies individual hosts within that subnet. This segmentation allows network administrators to manage and organize network resources more effectively, apply specific security policies to different subnets, and control traffic flow between subnets and the wider network.
Creating a subnetwork involves configuring a subnet mask for an IP address range to divide it into smaller, more manageable segments. The process typically begins with determining the number of subnets needed and the number of hosts required per subnet. Based on these requirements, an appropriate subnet mask is chosen to allocate network and host portions of IP addresses accordingly. Subnetworks are created by subnetting a larger IP address range using techniques such as Fixed-Length Subnet Masking (FLSM) or Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM), depending on the specific network design and scalability needs. By carefully planning and implementing subnetworks, organizations can improve network efficiency, scalability, and management while enhancing overall network performance and security.