The Spurious Free Dynamic Range conversion calculator determines the SFDR of an RF receiver using the Third Order Intercept Point (IIP3) and the Minimum Detectable Signal (MDS). SFDR defines the usable dynamic range within which a receiver can process signals without distortion from intermodulation products, making it essential for evaluating receiver performance and linearity. Formulas … Read more
The Specific Absorption Rate conversion calculator computes the rate at which energy from an electromagnetic field is absorbed by a body or material. It also calculates the incident power density based on electric field strength, material conductivity, and density. This tool is useful for evaluating RF exposure and compliance with safety standards. Formulas SAR = … Read more
The Quartz Crystal Parameter conversion calculator determines key performance parameters of a quartz crystal oscillator, including series resonance frequency, parallel resonance frequency, and quality factor. These parameters help engineers evaluate oscillator precision, stability, and circuit performance for RF and timing applications. Formulas Fs = 1 / (2 * π * √(Ls * Cs)) Fp = … Read more
The Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance conversion calculator computes the required characteristic impedance of a quarter-wave section used to match two transmission lines with different impedances. This technique minimizes reflection and ensures maximum power transfer between components in RF and microwave systems. Formula Z₀ = √(ZL × Zin) Formula Explanation Z₀ is the characteristic impedance of … Read more
The Microwave Band Pass Filter conversion calculator computes the Shape Factor and Quality Factor of a band pass filter based on its center frequency, 3 dB bandwidth, and 60 dB bandwidth. It helps RF and microwave engineers analyze filter performance, select components, and evaluate selectivity and signal purity in communication systems. Formulas Shape Factor (SF) … Read more
The Radar Blind Speed conversion calculator determines the radar blind speed and wavelength for a given operating frequency and pulse repetition time (PRT). Blind speed occurs when a target’s Doppler frequency shift matches the radar’s pulse repetition frequency, making the target temporarily undetectable. This tool helps radar engineers optimize pulse settings to minimize detection gaps. … Read more
The Pulse Repetition Frequency conversion calculator determines the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and pulse repetition time (PRT) for radar systems based on the desired unambiguous range. These values are critical in radar design, as they control how often radar pulses are transmitted and how far targets can be detected without range ambiguity. Formulas PRF (Hz) … Read more
The Maximum Unambiguous Range conversion calculator determines the greatest distance at which a radar can accurately detect a target without range ambiguity. It uses the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the radar to calculate this range, helping engineers optimize radar system performance and avoid overlapping echoes from successive pulses. Formula Unambiguous Range = c / … Read more
The Effective Antenna Aperture conversion calculator determines how efficiently an antenna can receive power from an incoming electromagnetic wave. By using antenna gain and frequency, it calculates the effective area (Ae) that contributes to power reception. This helps engineers understand the relationship between antenna size, gain, and performance in wireless communication systems. Formulas Ae = … Read more
The Microstrip Mitred Bend Calculator determines the optimal miter dimensions for a 90° microstrip bend to minimize reflection and maintain characteristic impedance continuity. Proper mitering ensures smooth signal transition and reduces impedance mismatch in high-frequency PCB layouts. Formulas D = W * √2 X = W * √2 * (0.52 + 0.65 * e−1.35 * … Read more