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GERAN, or GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network, represents a key component in the evolution of mobile communication technologies, specifically in the context of LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks. GERAN is a legacy radio access network associated with 2G (Second Generation) and 2.5G mobile networks, primarily based on GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and Enhanced Data rates ... Read more
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How to Layer 2 Functions and Data Flow in LTE For layer 2 let us first take a look into the uplink. Data transmission is handled through the protocol stack according to the following flow: 1. Data is generated by either signaling control protocols (RRC, NAS) or by some application on the UE’s IP stack. ... Read more
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The interface used to connect between the Mobility Management Entity (MME) and the Serving Gateway (SGW) in LTE or 4G networks is called the S11 interface. It’s responsible for control plane signaling, user plane data transfer, and mobility management. It uses the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) for communication, ensuring security, quality of service, and reliability ... Read more