Passive Distributed Antenna Systems in 3G Various internal antenna solution can meet the different needs of the deployment. DAS solution distributes a plurality of antenna nodes throughout the coverage area. Each antenna assembly can transmit and receive signals 3G. The uplink signals from all the antenna units are collected in a central point, the point … Read more
Different modulation methods corresponding to different transmitting abilities in air interface. R99/R4: QPSK HSDPA: QPSK or 16QAM The UTRAN air interface uses QPSK modulation in the downlink, although HSDPA may also employ 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM). 16QAM requires good radio conditions to work well. As seen, with 16QAM also the amplitude of the signal … Read more
WCDMA Protocol Structure for Iu CS The WCDMA Iu CS overall protocol structure is depicted in below image. The three planes in the Iu interface share a common ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) transport which is used for all planes. The physical layer is the interface to the physical medium: optical fiber, radio link or copper … Read more
Site surveys allow us to measure the level of coverage that the macro network provides the building, check out the details and understand the environment and existing objects in the target buildings. Preparations for these surveys should include a site best server coverage area, showing all the surrounding cells in the neighborhood. This plot can … Read more
Network planning tools can automate iterative process required for manual planning. In the past few years, there were few tools. Some of them can plan indoor and outdoor networks, or at least include a few outdoor cells for evaluation of interference or transfer between systems. When selecting the indoor network planning tool, set the following … Read more
After you have defined the requirements for coverage and capacity, the first step in the planning of the internal network is to make an initial assessment of which roofing solution to use. To determine the components of the solution radio, locations macro cell should be analyzed to see if you can find a dominant macro … Read more
Understanding on Motley–Keenan Model for WCDMA Site-specific models of indoor propagation, as the name implies, take the specific characteristics of a particular building as their input. Often these models count the number of walls, floors or other obstacles between the transmitter and the receiver to produce a value of attenuation for propagation along that path. … Read more
In particular, for application indoors, it is often desirable to predict the service area of a repeater or microelement based power CPICH. In the repeater installation and commissioning, CPICH power can be determined by measuring the output (or input) Ec / No and the received signal. The objective is to estimate the range of the … Read more