How Process Gain works in 3G? Process Gain = 10 Log (Chip rate/Bit Rate) Process gain differs for each service. If the service bit rate is greater, the process gain is smaller, UE needs more power for this service, then the coverage of this service will be smaller, vice versa. For common services, the bit … Read more
lets talk about LTE Architecture- SERVICE, EPC, E-UTRAN and User Equipment. In the LTE network is divided into 2 basic networks, namely: 1. EUTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) 2. EPC (Evolved Packet Core) SERVICE IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a good example of cars that can be used in the service layer connectivity Services … Read more
The PDCCH, Physical Downlink Control Channel, allocates the DL and UL resources. There is one PDCCH per sub-frame. It helps the UE retrieve the transport blocks from the PDSCH: Allocated RB Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) Multi-antenna transmission PDCCH Shared between all UE of the cell Each TTI contains an aggregation of PDCCH allowing … Read more
These UE categories are often referred to as UE classes. The low end UE does not support MIMO but the high end UE will support 4×4 MIMO Whatever category a UE belongs to, it has to be capable of receiving transmissions from up to four antenna ports. This is because the system information can be … Read more
How WCDMA Interleaving ? Effect Interleaving is used to reduce the probability of consecutive bits error Longer interleaving periods have better data protection with more delay Channel coding works well against random errors, but it is quite vulnerable to bursts of errors, which are typical in mobile radio systems. The especially fast moving UE in … Read more
The Radio Resource Connection (RRC) protocol is implemented in the eNodeB and the UE. In WCDMA, it is implemented in the RNC! RRC is the highest protocol in the control plane on the radio side. The RRC protocol allows: 2 instances (eNodeB and UE) to exchange signaling messages. to forward signaling messages coming from the … Read more
In the C-plane, the NAS functional block is used for network attachment, authentication, setting up bearers, and mobility management. All NAS messages are ciphered and integrity protected by the MMEand UE. The radio resource control (RRC) layer in the eNB makes handover decisions based on neighbor cell measurements reported by the UE, performs paging of … Read more
Frequency diversity is inherent in a spread spectrum system. A fade of the entire signal is less likely than with narrow band systems. Combats Fading, Caused by Multipath Fading Acts like Notch Filter to a Wide Spectrum Signal May Notch only Part of Signal Fading is caused by reflected images of an RF signal arriving … Read more
If the IE “Filter coefficient” is received the UE applies filtering of the measurements for that measurement quantity according to the formula below. This filtering is performed by the UE before UE event evaluation. The UE filters also the measurements reported in the IE “Measured results”. The filtering is performed according to the following formula: … Read more
Implement security through encryption (both control plane (RRC) data and user plane data) and integrity protection (for control plane (RRC) data only), it is the responsibility PDCP layer. A PDCP Data PDU counter (known as the “COUNT” into the specifications of LTE) is used as an input to algorithms security. value COUNT is incremented for … Read more