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Resource Block & Physical Resource Block in LTE

Resource Block & Physical Resource Block in LTE What is Resource block in lte? :- A resource block is the smallest unit of resources which allocated to a user. The resource block is 1 slot long in time and 180 kHz wide in frequency. Resource Block Multiplex multiple users both in time and frequency, together … Read more

Traffic Operation Overview in LTE

In LTE (Long-Term Evolution), traffic operations involve the management of data traffic within the network, ensuring efficient communication between User Equipment (UE) and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Here’s an overview of traffic operations in LTE: Data Transmission: LTE supports high-speed data transmission, enabling a variety of services such as web browsing, video streaming, and … Read more

Radio Bearer in LTE

Radio Bearer in LTE In Long-Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication, a “Radio Bearer” serves as a crucial link between the user equipment (UE) and the evolved NodeB (eNodeB), facilitating the exchange of data. Radio Bearers are classified into two main categories: Control Radio Bearers (CRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs). CRBs are responsible for transmitting … Read more

What is EPS Bearer in LTE?

Eps bearer LTE EPS is a connection-oriented transmission network and, as such, it requires the establishment of a “virtual” connection between two endpoints (e.g. a UE and a PDN-GW) This virtual connection is called an “EPS Bearer” It provides a “bearer service”, i.e. a transport service with specific QoS attributes. The LTE QoS parameters associated … Read more

Spread Spectrum Concept

Dsss – Direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS – Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum is a spread spectrum technology in which original data is expand using PN code randomly to reduce noise and this also provide high security to data as is scrambled data. Spread spectrum technology spread spectrum technology used in CDMA and Cdma is a … Read more

CDMA Channel Frequencies & Calculation

The 850MHz CDMA band is most popularly used all over the world.This band as mentioned in the previous slide works between       824-849MHz Used for the Reverse link communication       869-894MHz Used for the Forward link communication The CDMA band is divided into sub bands as shown above.The Total Band of  25MHz is divided into … Read more

Implementation Margin in LTE

Implementation margin is used to include non-ideal receiver effects such as channel estimation errors, tracking errors, quantization errors, and phase noise.  This implementation margin or sensitivity degradation can be used to apply some margin to the link budget to account for devices from other vendors that may have larger tolerances from the specifications or for … Read more

QoS Parameters of LTE

The QoS Class Identifier (QCI) is a scalar that is used as a reference to access node-specific parameters that control bearer level packet forwarding treatment (e.g. scheduling weights, admission thresholds, queue management thresholds, link layer protocol configuration, etc.). The Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP) primarily allows one to decide whether a bearer establishment request can … Read more

PN Code Generation & Masking

  PN Code Generation PN Code Generation PN codes are generated from prime polynomials using modulo 2 arithmetic. The state machines generating these codes are very simple and consist of shift registers and XOR gates .   Masking will cause the generator to produce the same sequence, but offset in time PN Offset (Masking) Masking … Read more

How Walsh Code Generate in CDMA

• Definition: Orthogonal functions have zero correlation.  Two binary sequences are orthogonal if the process of “XORing” them results in an equal number of 1’s and 0’s. Example:   0000   (XOR)  0101   ——   0101 • Generation Sequence: – Seed – Repeat: right & below – Invert: diagonally   The above table of … Read more