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Forward Power Control in CDMA

Message Transmission Mode MS measures the frame quality and informs the base station to the result i.e. whether it is in the threshold or periodical  mode. Base station determines whether  to change the forward transmitting power or not. In IS-95 system, the forward power control is slow but in CDMA2000 system it is fast. Forward … Read more

How Modulation-QPSK in CDMA ?

     In an actual application, the system implements the modulation in this way:  as shown above, I and Q channel sequences in the figure represent two channels of cyclic PN short code sequences.  The cyclic period of each channel of PN short codes is 215. For different sectors, there are different starting locations of I … Read more

Types of Power Control in CDMA

Reverse power control Open loop power control Closed loop power control Inner loop power control:  800 Hz Outer loop power control Forward power control Message transmission mode: threshold transmission periodic transmission Closed loop power control    Reverse open loop power control means that based on the detected signals from a base station, a mobile station … Read more

Long Code & Short Code In CDMA

The long code is a PN sequence with period of 242-1chips The functions of a long code: Scramble the forward CDMA channel Control the insertion of power control bit Spread the information on the reverse CDMA channel to identify the mobile stations       In a reverse direction, different long codes are used for the information … Read more

Interleaving in CDMA

It can be seen from the figure that the data are read row by row into an interleaver at the transmit end,read column by column out (this process is called interleaving) and propagated after other modulation process. Then, the data enter the interleaver at the receive end row by row and are read out column … Read more

Soft/Softer Handoff in CDMA

Multi-path combination in the BSC during soft handoffMulti-path combination in the BTS during softer handoffs       Soft handoff means that during the handoff of a mobile station at the coverage edge areas of two or multiple base stations, the mobile station receives the signals from multiple base stations (two in most cases) at the same … Read more

Scrambling (M) sequence in CDMA

  Two points are important here:  Maximum number of shift register (N)  Mask The period of out put sequence is 2N-1 bits Only sequence offset is change when the mask is changed PN stands for Pseudorandom Noise sequence In CDMA system, user information is encrypted by means of scrambling. The scramble code used here is … Read more