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A Blind can use Touch Screen Smart phone

A Blind can use Touch Screen Smart phone Designed by blind spouses Roger and Margaret Wilson-Hinds, Georgie is a comprehensive smartphone app using a combination of voice recognition software, haptic capability and customized controls. The simple, tailored app lets blind users operate handsets with ease, essentially creating a platform to transform regular smartphones into mobile … Read more

Functions and Architecture of PDCP in LTE

PDCP layer performs the following functions: 1. Header compression and decompression plane of the user data; 2. Security features: encryption and deciphering the user plane and control plane data; the protection of the integrity and operation of the plane data; 3. Provide support functions: order to delivery and reorder PDU to the layer above a … Read more

Paging in Detail for LTE UE

To receive E-UTRAN pagination, UEs in idle mode for monitoring PDCCH for the channel value used to indicate the pagination RNTI: RNTI-P. The EU needs only to monitor the PDCCH channel at certain specific times (i.e. the subframes are specified for individual radio frames introduction to the framework structure of the LTE radio.). At other … Read more

Modulation and TB size

Modulation and TB size LTE Modulation Techniques In Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks, modulation is a fundamental aspect of the physical layer responsible for encoding digital information into analog signals for transmission. LTE employs various modulation schemes to adapt to different channel conditions and maximize data rates. The primary modulation schemes used in LTE include: Quadrature … Read more

Affects of the Channel in LTE MIMO

Affects of the Channel in LTE MIMO To understand the impact of the channel, let’s assume that the base station receiver is facing many challenges in the same MIMO receiver that universal areas, but also must receive data simultaneously from multiple users. In terms of MIMO UM, each signal is derived from a separate UE, … Read more

What is the difference between LTE and VOLTE?

What is the difference between LTE and VOLTE? What is VOLTE:- Volte (voice over lte) refers to voice calls made through a 4G LTE network rather than traditional calls made using csfb (circuit-switched fall-back), a system that switches from 4g back to 2g or 3g technology before connecting calls. Worldwide, operators are currently working to … Read more

What is the difference between 4G and 4G LTE?

What is the difference between 4G and 4G LTE? Many people use the terms 4g and 4g interchangeably, but they are not the same. Lets find out the difference…. Features of 4g 4G is the next step above and a 3g replacement, offering faster speeds for users who stream media (such as videos or mp3s), … Read more

Cell selection and reselection in LTE UE

Cell selection and reselection in LTE UE To get service from the selected PLMN, the UE performs two types of  procedures: LTE cell selection and LTE cell reselection CELL SELECTION in LTE Upon PLMN selection, LTE UE uses “cell selection” for fast cell searching to camp on. To receive system information LTE UE tunes to … Read more

Timing Advance in LTE

Timing advance lte what is timing advance in lte: -The eNB measures the required timing advance based on the received UE signal arrival time. It commands the UE to adjust the transmission time. This is performed on a per-need basis. It is signaled by means of a special MAC control element; LCID = 11101. The … Read more

What is AMC & its Algorithm in LTE

The effective Eb/No and hence the spectral efficiency depend on BLER. However there are QoS requirements which also have to be considered. Taking both into account leads to a target BLER. AMC is in use in order to tune BLER so that the target value is reached. Therefore when channel conditions change modulation and/or coding … Read more