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WCDMA Block Coding – CRC

Block coding is used to detect if there are any uncorrected errors left after error correction. The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a common method of block coding. Adding the CRC bits is done before the channel encoding and they are checked after the channel decoding. During the transmission, there are many interferences and fading. … Read more

WCDMA Channel Coding

Effect Enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover the signal when interference occurs Provides better error correction at receiver, but brings increment of the delay Channel Types No Coding Convolutional Coding (1/2, 1/3) Turbo Coding (1/3)   UTRAN employs two FEC schemes: convolutional codes and turbo codes. The idea is to add redundancy … Read more

Definition of Logical Channel in GSM

The physical channel is the medium over which the information is carried. The logical channel consists of the information carried over the physical channels. A Physical Channel (a TS, defined by a fixed position (0-7) on a given TDMA frame) may be used to broadcast messages containing different kinds of information: traffic messages for speech … Read more

What is Frame and Channel in GSM

The major basic concept concerned with the radio path transmission of the GSM system is the burst sequence (simplified as Burst). It is a string of transmission units including more than 100 modulation bits. The burst sequence has a restricted duration and seizes a restricted radio frequency spectrum. They can be described as output from … Read more

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Actually, during the communication process, the mobile subscriber talks only 40% of the time and there is not much useful information transmitted during rest of the time. If all the information is transmitted to the network, it will not only be a waste of the system resources but also add more interference to the system. … Read more

What is Channel Coding

To check and correct errors during the transmission, redundancy data and the information calculated from the source data are added to the stream so as to increase the bit rate. For the voice, the length of these codes is 456 bits every 20ms. The bit rate of code stream output from the voice coder is … Read more

Interference Margin for CDMA

In determining RF coverage in CDMA systems, the effect of interference generated from the serving cell as well as the neighboring cells must be considered, this is in contrast to the RF coverage analysis for AMPS cells where interference mainly affects the frequency assignment but not the coverage. The interference margin is dependent upon the … Read more

Defination and work of Eb/No in CDMA

Eb/No corresponds to energy per bit over interference plus noise density for a given target FER (typical FER target is 1%). In digital communications, it is customary to designate one-sided noise density with No. In CDMA, interference is dominated by the noise generated due to other users in the system. Here No, is refers to … Read more

Interference Limited MIMO Systems for Wimax

The third assumption—that the background noise is Gaussian and uncorrelated with the transmissions—is especially suspect in a cellular MIMO system. All well-designed cellular systems are by nature interference limited: If they were not, it would be possible to increase the spectral efficiency by lowering the frequency reuse or increasing the average loading per cell. In the … Read more

How Spatial Diversity works during Soft Handoff in CDMA ?

CDMA extends the idea of diversity reception with the concept of soft handoff.  In the slide, a mobile CDMA phone has established a call with base station one. As the mobile moves away from base station one and approaches base station two, a device in the phone known as the searcher identifies base station one … Read more