The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a radio-navigation system that employs RF transmitters in 24 satellites. The satellite configuration when completed will guarantee that a GPS receiver located anywhere on earth can receive RF signals from at least four satellites 24 hours a day (with unobstructed visibility). For commercial use, each satellite transmits unique bi-phase … Read more
Downtilting is the method of effectively adjusting the vertical radiation pattern of the antenna to increase the amount of power radiated downwards. Downtilting can be used to increase the amount of coverage close to the site where “nulls” (holes) may exist due to the effective height of the antenna. Downtilting can also be used to … Read more
The control plane includes the application protocol. It also includes the signaling bearers for transporting the application protocol messages. The application protocol is used for setting up bearers in the radio network layer. For example, radio access bearers or radio links. Figure shows “Control plane protocol stack” comprises Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence … Read more
MOBILE STATIONS ISDN NUMBER (MSISDN) Is the mobile number used in a GSM PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) MSISDN = Country Code + National Destination Code + Subscriber number e.x. 63 + 0918 + 8889999 Maximum length is 15 digits. INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY (IMSI) Is the subscriber number used over radio path for all … Read more
Receiver sensitivity is the ability of the receiver to receive signals in the sense that any signal below the sensitivity is considered as noise and is not usable. Receiver sensitivity is given by S = Antenna Noise (dBm) + Receiver Noise Figure (dB) + C/N (dB) S = the receivers sensitivity C/N = Carrier to … Read more