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What is VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and How tilting antenna

What is VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and How tilting antenna VSWR means voltage standing wave ratio which everyone knows but why it comes to calculate in Telecom? When BTS transmit any signal (LTE, CDMA, GSM, WCDMA anyone) then in radio wave transmit through cable and reach to antenna so what? Now I give you … Read more

Pulse shaping and spectrum in LTE

RF engineering is a trade off between: required radio spectrum (bandwidth), speed of data transmission (bit rates) and complexity of implementation. The pulse form used to modulate complex data symbols to the radio carrier frequency is the major element of this story. Over the years several pulse forms and their associated pulse shaping filters have … Read more

Capacity and MPR and CINR Distributions for LTE

Throughput or bandwidth that LTE was taken for the physical layer for the MCS under the pick or sustainable conditions. Throughput, individual users might be depends both on the MCS allocated (a function of characteristics and conditions of the user channel) and the requirements of other users sharing the channel resources (as arbitration Scheduler). Similarly, … Read more