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What is VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and How tilting antenna

What is VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and How tilting antenna VSWR means voltage standing wave ratio which everyone knows but why it comes to calculate in Telecom? When BTS transmit any signal (LTE, CDMA, GSM, WCDMA anyone) then in radio wave transmit through cable and reach to antenna so what? Now I give you … Read more

How QPSK & BPSK Modulation in WCDMA?

A data-modulation scheme defines how the data bits are mixed with the carrier signal, which is always a sine wave. There are three basic ways to modulate a carrier signal in a digital sense: amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK). In ASK the amplitude of the carrier signal … Read more

Capacity and MPR and CINR Distributions for LTE

Throughput or bandwidth that LTE was taken for the physical layer for the MCS under the pick or sustainable conditions. Throughput, individual users might be depends both on the MCS allocated (a function of characteristics and conditions of the user channel) and the requirements of other users sharing the channel resources (as arbitration Scheduler). Similarly, … Read more