How Walsh Code Generate in CDMA
• Definition: Orthogonal functions have zero correlation. Two binary sequences are orthogonal if the process of “XORing” them results in an equal number of 1’s and 0’s. Example: 0000…
Telecom Techniques Guide
• Definition: Orthogonal functions have zero correlation. Two binary sequences are orthogonal if the process of “XORing” them results in an equal number of 1’s and 0’s. Example: 0000…
To understand the impact of the channel, let’s assume that the base station receiver is facing many challenges in the same MIMO receiver that universal areas, but also must receive…
Correlation Is a Measure of How Well a Given Signal Matches a Desired Code, The Desired Code is Compared to the Given Signal at Various Test times. Correlation is key…
Frequency diversity is inherent in a spread spectrum system. A fade of the entire signal is less likely than with narrow band systems. Combats Fading, Caused by Multipath Fading Acts…
The control plane includes the application protocol. It also includes the signaling bearers for transporting the application protocol messages. The application protocol is used for setting up bearers in the…
SRNC and DRNC are concepts for a connected UE. The SRNC handles the connection to one UE, and may borrow radio resources of a certain cell from the DRNC. Drift…
Threre are four Different Methods to Combine OFDMA for handle Multiuser System. Plain OFDM: Normal LTE OFDM has no built-in multiple-access mechanism. This is suitable for broadcast systems like DVB-T/H…
Data bits modulate (modify) a carrier signal Basic modulation techniques: amplitude frequency phase. Data bits are represented over the transmission channel by SYMBOLS Symbol rate is expressed in Baud (Symbols…
One of the main functions of the PDCP header compression is using Header Compression (ROHC) robust protocol defined by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) . In LTE, header compression is…
LTE user Layer 2 Protocol stack-the plan is composed of three substrates, as shown in the figure. Packet layer packet data convergence Protocol (PDCP) : this layer processes messages resource…
Closed Subscriber Group LTE supports the existence of cells which are only available for a limited set of EEC- A closed Subscriber Group (CSG). In order to prevent attempts to…
The actual frequency planning of certain areas is usually conducted with such areas divided into segments geographically, i.e., first divide a complex network into small networks. However, there should be…