LTE Layer 2 user plane protocol stack in detail LTE user Layer 2 Protocol stack-the plan is composed of three substrates, as shown in the figure. Packet layer packet data convergence Protocol (PDCP) : this layer processes messages resource control (RRC) in the control plan and packages of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in the user’s … Read more
To receive E-UTRAN pagination, UEs in idle mode for monitoring PDCCH for the channel value used to indicate the pagination RNTI: RNTI-P. The EU needs only to monitor the PDCCH channel at certain specific times (i.e. the subframes are specified for individual radio frames introduction to the framework structure of the LTE radio.). At other … Read more
How UE select suitable cell in LTE Here write in simple words how UE select suitable cell in LTE. After the UE has selected a PLMN, is a done selecting cell – in other words, looking for an appropriate cell camp. While camping on the cell, and that is the UE acquires broadcast. Subsequently, the … Read more
LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network architecture is a crucial component of modern wireless communication systems. In this overview, we will delve into the key aspects of LTE network architecture, including its structure, nodes, and functionalities. ENodeB: The Radio Access Node At the heart of the LTE network is the ENodeB (eNB), … Read more
LTE Network and Protocol Architecture LTE/SAE network architecture EPC -Evolved Packet Core Base Station control plane and user plane protocol stacks EPC protocol stacks The LTE (Long-Term Evolution) network architecture consists of several key components that work together to provide high-speed wireless communication. Here is an overview of the LTE network and protocol architecture: 1. … Read more
What is the difference between 4G and 4G LTE? Many people use the terms 4g and 4g interchangeably, but they are not the same. Lets find out the difference…. Features of 4g 4G is the next step above and a 3g replacement, offering faster speeds for users who stream media (such as videos or mp3s), … Read more
Handover Process in LTE In LTE, the handover process involves transferring a mobile device’s connection from one cell to another seamlessly. It includes the following key steps: Measurement: The mobile device continuously measures signal strength and quality from neighboring cells. Triggering: When certain threshold values are met, a handover is triggered. This can be due … Read more
EPS Bearer Terminology in LTE This article breaks down key concepts, including Quality of Service, GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate) Bearers, Non-GBR Bearers, and crucial parameters like QoS Class Identifier (QCI) and Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP). Quality of service GBR bearer: Guaranteed bit rate Non-GBR bearer: No guaranteed bit rate Establishment time Default bearer Established … Read more
The radio waves are distributed in 3Hz ~ 3000GHz. This spectrum is divided into 12 bands, as shown in the above table. The frequencies in each specific band present unique propagation features: The lower the frequency is, the lower the propagation loss will be, the farther the coverage distance will be, and the stronger the … Read more
A transmitted signal changes as it travels to the receiver. The effect of these changes is commonly referred to as fading. The fading results from the superimposition of transmitted signals, in which differences in attenuation, delay and phase shift have occurred. Slow fading: In case shadow effect is caused by obstacles, and the receiving signal … Read more