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Different Tasks and States of RRC Protocol in LTE-EUTRAN

Different Tasks and States of RRC Protocol in LTE-EUTRAN The RRC protocol for EUTRAN is responsible for the basic configuration of the radio protocol stack. But one should note, that some radio management functions (scheduling, physical resource assignment for physical channels) are handled by layer 1 and layer 2 autonomously. MAC and layer 1 signaling … Read more

Physical Channel Types of LTE

Physical Channel Types of LTE The physical layer uses resource blocks to transmit binary coded information in QPKS, 16QAM or 64QAM or OOK modulation form. Physical channels determine how data is processed and then mapped via dynamical scheduling onto resource blocks. Thus physical channels also in EUTRAN represent the available physical resources. Like transport channels, … Read more

Synchronization in LTE Mobile “Switch On”

Synchronization in LTE Mobile "Switch On" Primary and Secondary Synchronization Signals occupy 2 blocks of symbols per 10 ms (central 72 subcarriers for all channel bandwidths). An example is shown below for 72 subcarrier- (1.4 MHz) / single antenna case. During the initial cell search, the mobile station searches for the strongest cell. It then … Read more

PLMN selection in “IDEL Mode” for LTE-UE

PLMN selection in "IDEL Mode" for LTE-UE When an UE is switched on, it attempts to make contact with a PLMN. The selection of the PLMN could be either automatically or manually. • Automatic mode: Utilizes a list of PLMN to be selected in priority order. • Manual mode: The mobile station indicates available PLMN … Read more

Uplink Power Control Calculation in LTE

Uplink Power Control Calculation in LTE Transmit power of PUSCH in subframe i is defined by PPUSCH (i) = min{PMAX,10 log10 (MPUSCH (i)) + PO_PUSCH ( j) +α ( j) ⋅ PL + ΔTF (i) + f (i)} [dBm] Pmax: max. allowed power, MPUSCH: number of scheduled RBs, PL: pathless [dB]. ΔTF (i) = 10 … Read more

Synchronization & BCH for TDD Frame in LTE

Synchronization & BCH for TDD Frame in LTE Synchronization: Purpose: Achieves alignment between the base station (eNodeB) and User Equipment (UE) in LTE Time-Division Duplex (TDD) frames. Methods: Time synchronization ensures proper timing, and frequency synchronization aligns the carrier frequency. Importance: Synchronization is critical for avoiding interference and optimizing signal reception. Broadcast Channel (BCH): Function: … Read more

Which Cell Parameters needs to Obtain in LTE?

Which Cell Parameters needs to Obtain in LTE? To provide the most critical information to the UEs, the eNodeB uses the BCH channel The information is sent on pre-defined time-frequency resources. This information is organized into different information blocks: The MIB, the Master Information Block. System Frame Number DL -downlink System Bandwidth Number of Transmit Antennas … Read more

Establishment and Maintenance of the RRC connection in LTE

Establishment and Maintenance of the RRC connection in LTE In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), the Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining the communication link between the User Equipment (UE) and the Evolved NodeB (eNB). The process involves several steps: RRC Connection Establishment: Random Access Procedure: The UE initiates communication … Read more

Handover Measurements in LTE

In LTE (Long-Term Evolution), handover measurements are crucial for ensuring seamless mobility as User Equipment (UE) moves across different cells within the network. These measurements assist in deciding when and to which cell a handover should occur. Here’s an overview of key handover measurements in LTE: Received Signal Strength (RSS): RSS measures the power level … Read more

How 26 and 51 Multiframes in GSM

How 26 and 51 Multiframes in GSM GSM is very complicated when we talk about its rf side and in it very complicated to understand the structure of 26 and 51 Multiframes, here my try to make you understand simply. The 26-frame Traffic Channel Multiframe in GSM The Below Figure shows the time relationship between … Read more