Multi-path combination in the BSC during soft handoffMulti-path combination in the BTS during softer handoffs Soft handoff means that during the handoff of a mobile station at the coverage edge areas of two or multiple base stations, the mobile station receives the signals from multiple base stations (two in most cases) at the same … Read more
Two points are important here: Maximum number of shift register (N) Mask The period of out put sequence is 2N-1 bits Only sequence offset is change when the mask is changed PN stands for Pseudorandom Noise sequence In CDMA system, user information is encrypted by means of scrambling. The scramble code used here is … Read more
CDMA extends the idea of diversity reception with the concept of soft handoff. In the slide, a mobile CDMA phone has established a call with base station one. As the mobile moves away from base station one and approaches base station two, a device in the phone known as the searcher identifies base station one … Read more
IP Networks use Routers to do the switching based on IP addresses, Layer 3 routing protocols like BGP or OSPF an Ethernet networks use 48 bit MAC addresses Spanning Tree is used to route because users, base stations, routers, etc will all need IP addresses (It is an IP-based system) There are Public (Internet routable) … Read more
The user plane includes the data streams and the data bearers for the data streams. The data streams are characterized by one or more frame protocols specified for that interface. Figure shows “User-plane protocol stack” comprise Medium Access Control (MAC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Link Control (RLC) and Physical (PHY) sub layers. Apart … Read more
Depending on the type of measurement, the UE can measure and report any of the following: serving cell; list of cells (e.g., cells shown as part of the object of measurement); cells are found at the frequency set (ie cells are the cells that are not listed, but found UE). For some rats, the UE … Read more