LTE Architecture The LTE (Long-Term Evolution) architecture consists of several key components: User Equipment (UE): Mobile devices like smartphones or tablets used by end-users. Evolved NodeB (eNB): Base station responsible for radio communication with the UE. It includes the radio transceiver and performs functions like encryption and modulation. Mobility Management Entity (MME): Manages UE mobility, … Read more
Formulated by the European standardization organization 3GPP, the core networkevolves on the basis of GSM/GPRS and can thus be compatible with the existingGSM/GPRS networks. It can be based on the TDM, ATM and IP technologies toevolve towards the all-IP network architecture. Based on the ATM technology, theUTRAN uniformly processes voice and packet services and evolves … Read more
In FDD, the DL and UL Radio Frames (RFs) are not on the same carrier. The RF frame is called Type 1 by the 3GPP. The RF length is 10 ms. The radio frame is made up of 10 sub-frames of 1 ms. Each sub-frame is made up of 2 slots of 0.5ms. For FDD, … Read more
A parallel 3GPP R8 project to LTE and SAE is the Evolved High Speed Packet Access, eHSPA, project (also referred to as HSPA+). The proposed eHSPA features represent a logical evolution from today’s HSDPA and HSUPA systems. Roughly speaking, the eHSPA project focuses on three areas: • Optimising HSPA for real-time packet data services, like … Read more
A (rather long) list of general requirements has been set up as guidelines for the standardization work related to the EPC. Some of those are: • 3GPP and non-3GPP access systems shall be supported. • Scalable system architecture and solutions without compromising the system capacity (e.g. by separating CP from UP). • CP response time … Read more
The uppermost evolution track shown in Figure is that developed in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which is currently the dominant standards development group for mobile radio systems and is described in more detail below. Within the 3GPP evolution track, three multiple access technologies are evident: the ‘Second Generation’ GSM/GPRS/EDGE family1 was based on … Read more
Here I write about PRACH Message Structure and PRACH Access Timeslot Structure for WCDMA 3G with its Flow in Image. The data and control bits of the message part are processed in parallel. The SF of the data part can be 32, 64, 128 or 256 while the SF of the control part is always … Read more
Here I write on 3GPP Services Classification and EUTRAN Capacity Limiting Factors for LTE. 3GPP Services Classification Being a data centric technology, LTE has well defined classifications for Quality of Service. In general, there are two main classes of service type, with Guaranteed Bit rate vs with Non Guaranteed Bit rate. RT (Real Time) services … Read more
After completion of the design, installation takes place. For aesthetic reasons, the components of a closed system is often deliberately hidden. As a result, after installation, it is difficult to confirm or check them in full. Skill during installation, therefore, very important, because troubleshooting defective components is difficult. Perform a complete examination and sample testing … Read more