Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), also known as Internet Telephony or IP Telephony, is a technology that enables voice communication and multimedia sessions over the Internet or other IP networks. VoIP converts analog audio signals into digital data packets, which can be transmitted over the Internet, and then reconverted into analog audio at the receiving … Read more
In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), a Virtual Resource Block (vRB) is a concept related to the allocation of resources in the frequency domain for data transmission. Understanding vRBs is essential to grasp how LTE efficiently manages the use of its available spectrum for delivering high-speed wireless communication. Let’s explore the details of Virtual Resource Blocks in … Read more
Zero-Padded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (ZP-OFDM) is a variation of the traditional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation scheme used in wireless communication systems. ZP-OFDM introduces the concept of zero-padding in the time domain to address certain issues related to the cyclic prefix in standard OFDM. Let’s explore the details of Zero-Padded OFDM and its … Read more
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) utilizes several standard network protocols and port numbers for communication. The most common protocol used for VoIP is the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), and the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is commonly employed for the actual transmission of voice data. Let’s delve into the details of the port numbers associated with … Read more
In Long-Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication, the Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) plays a crucial role in supporting reliable and efficient data transmission. PHICH is one of the physical channels used for the implementation of Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ), which is a key feature in LTE to enhance the reliability of data transmission. … Read more
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication in the context of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) refers to the capability of enabling communication between vehicles and various entities in their surrounding environment. This includes communication with other vehicles (V2V), infrastructure (V2I), pedestrians (V2P), and the network (V2N). V2X in LTE is a key enabler for enhancing road safety, traffic efficiency, and … Read more
In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), a Virtual Resource Block (vRB) is a concept related to the allocation of resources in the frequency domain for communication between the User Equipment (UE) and the evolved NodeB (eNodeB), which is part of the LTE base station. Understanding virtual resource blocks is essential to grasp how LTE efficiently manages and … Read more
In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), the Visitor Location Register (VLR) is a critical component of the mobile network infrastructure, specifically within the evolved packet core (EPC). The VLR plays a pivotal role in managing the mobility of users within the LTE network, ensuring seamless communication as users move between different tracking areas and evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs). … Read more
In the context of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication, the terms “uplink” and “downlink” refer to the two primary directions of data transmission between a user device and the cellular network infrastructure. Uplink (UL): The uplink, often abbreviated as UL, is the communication channel responsible for transmitting data from the user device to the LTE … Read more
In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), UL and DL refer to the two fundamental communication channels: Uplink (UL) and Downlink (DL). These channels play a crucial role in facilitating wireless communication between user devices (such as smartphones, tablets, or IoT devices) and the LTE network infrastructure. Uplink (UL): The Uplink is the channel responsible for transmitting data … Read more