LTE MIMO Types of Inputs and Outputs
LTE MIMO “input” and “output” are used for medium between transmitters and receivers, including both RF components – known as the “channel”. Thus, the base station with two transmitters provides…
BCH,CCCH and DCCH Channel of GSM
BCH (Broadcast Channels) BCCH(Broadcast Control Channels) Downlink Only. Broadcast information of the serving cell (System Information). Transmitted on timeslot zero of BCCH carrier. Read only by idle mobile at least…
What is Polarization, Gain and Power rating in LTE Antenna
Antenna Gain Antenna gain is the ratio of the maximum radiation in a specified direction, a reference antenna in the same direction for the same power input. Usually, this increase…
OFDM implementation in Detail
A typical OFDM transmitter is shown on the following figure. To reduce the amount of RF hardware required for OFDM the modulation process is split into two parts. A first…
What is AMC & its Algorithm in LTE
The effective Eb/No and hence the spectral efficiency depend on BLER. However there are QoS requirements which also have to be considered. Taking both into account leads to a target…
What is Smart Antennas in LTE
What is smart antenna? Smart antennas are antenna arrays with intelligent signal processing algorithms that identify spatial signal signatures, such as the direction of arrival of the signal, and calculate the…
Definition and Effect of Reflection, Diffraction, Scattering and Multipath Propagation in RF Engineering
Reflection Diffraction and Scattering in wireless communication When any new site has been planned then it should be such a way the effect of Reflection, Diffraction, Scattering and Multipath should…
List of LTE Equipment Related Parameters
LTE parameters Equipment related parameters include the base station, antenna, and terminal. The link budget parameters vary with the base stations, antennas, and terminals of different vendors. These parameters affect the…
Spread Spectrum Concept
Dsss – Direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS – Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum is a spread spectrum technology in which original data is expand using PN code randomly to reduce noise…
Difference Between OFDM and FDM in LTE
FDM in LTE Conventional multi-carrier operation as it is used for FDM works simply by selecting a number of center frequencies – one for each carrier to be used. The…
GSM RF Optimization Step by Step
Here I write about GSM RF Optimization Step by Step and how to find KPI degradation and its solution. The RF network optimization process can be categorized by the following…
LTE RLC Sub Layer Functions
LTE RLC Sub Layer Functions (Work of the RLC protocol in LTE): Main task of LTE RLC sub layer is transfer PDUs in three modes of LTE upper layer. RLC…