In the context of mobile networks, SGW and PGW are acronyms that stand for Serving Gateway (SGW) and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), respectively. These elements are integral components within the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which is a key architecture in LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and 5G networks. Serving Gateway (SGW): Definition: The Serving Gateway, abbreviated … Read more
Radio Signal Received Power (RSRP) is a crucial metric in the realm of wireless communications, particularly in the context of mobile networks. It is a parameter that provides insight into the strength of the signal received by a mobile device from a specific cell or base station. RSRP is a key factor in assessing the … Read more
Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) is a critical metric in wireless communication that reflects the quality of the received signal relative to interference and background noise. A drop in SINR can significantly impact the performance of a communication link. Various factors contribute to a decrease in SINR, and understanding these factors is essential for diagnosing and addressing … Read more
Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) interference refers to the presence of unwanted signals or interference in the wireless communication environment that affects the quality of the received signal. Interference can arise from various sources and impact the SINR, leading to degraded communication performance. Let’s delve into a detailed explanation of what causes SINR interference: 1. Co-Channel Interference: … Read more
Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) is a technology in LTE (Long-Term Evolution) that allows mobile operators to utilize unlicensed spectrum, specifically the 5 GHz band, alongside their licensed spectrum to enhance network capacity and performance. LAA is designed to coexist with Wi-Fi networks in the 5 GHz frequency range. Let’s explore in detail the band used … Read more
Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is a crucial metric in LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks that indicates the quality of the received reference signals. RSRQ is derived from the power and quality of the Reference Signal (RS) and the power of the Reference Signal received from neighboring cells. A poor RSRQ can be influenced by various … Read more
In LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks, transport block sizes play a crucial role in the transmission of user data between the eNodeB (Evolved NodeB) and the User Equipment (UE). Transport blocks are units of data that are sent over the physical channels of the LTE air interface. The size of these transport blocks is dynamically determined … Read more
LTE Advanced, also known as 4G LTE Advanced, introduces various UE (User Equipment) categories that define the capabilities and features of LTE devices. These categories are specified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to ensure interoperability and performance across LTE Advanced networks. Let’s explore in detail the UE categories for LTE Advanced: 1. UE … Read more
In LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks, traffic channels are essential components that facilitate the transmission of user data between User Equipment (UE) and the network infrastructure, particularly the eNodeB (Evolved NodeB). These channels play a crucial role in carrying both downlink (from eNodeB to UE) and uplink (from UE to eNodeB) data. Let’s explore in detail … Read more
In MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems, beamforming is a technique that plays a pivotal role in enhancing communication performance by manipulating the directionality of transmitted or received signals. Beamforming can be broadly categorized into two main types: transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. Let’s delve into the detailed explanation of these types and explore their … Read more