How SIM works in GSM
The SIM card contains its internal memory, in which the data, personal and financial information as well as the identity for GSM / CDMA are stored. The SIM card stores…
Ranging in Wimax
The initial range is the process of estimating the distance or propagation time between a transmitter and a receiver. Area information can be used to assist in setting operating parameters…
Signal Fading
A transmitted signal changes as it travels to the receiver. The effect of these changes is commonly referred to as fading. The fading results from the superimposition of transmitted signals,…
LTE Sub-carrier
How Many Sub Carrier in LTE? Read below,..There are different kinds of sub-carriers: Data sub-carrier Pilot Sub-carrier DC sub-carrier Guard Sub-carrier The result is intersymbol interference not only within a…
EVDO reverse Link
Here I write about EVDO (HSD) reverse channel in short or summarize defination. The EVDO channels for the reverse connection have a similar structure as for CDMA2000. The reverse link…
MIMO Principles
MIMO is effectively radio antenna technology because multiple antennas are used at the transmitter and receiver to allow a variety of signal paths to transmit the data, with separate paths…
Propagation Path
Radio wave can be propagated from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna in many ways: perpendicular incidence wave or ground refraction wave, diffraction wave, troposphere reflection wave, ionosphere reflection…
Frequency Hopping
When the voice signal is transmitted after being processed and modulated, the frequency hopping technique will be used too, i.e. the transmission carrier varies constantly at different timeslots (of course,…
CDMA System Time
For both mobiles and base station in direct sequence CDMA must be synchronized. In the IS-95A system, synchronization is based on the Global Positioning Satellite system time. The CDMA system…
What is WiMAX?
WiMAX is a coined term or acronym meaning worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX). What WiMAX is however at its heart is a standards initiative. Its purpose is to ensure…
Wi-Fi Systems
In addition to 3G, Wi-Fi based-systems may be used to provide broadband wireless. Wi-Fi is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards and is primarily a local area networking…
Burst in GSM
The Logical Channel is used in time multiplex in a physical channel, which is categorized according to the types of messages transmitted in the physical channel. Different logical channels are…