CDMA

Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (OQPSK) and π/4-Shifted QPSK (PI/4-QPSK) are both variations of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), with the primary distinction lying in their modulation schemes and phase characteristics. Let’s delve into the details of the differences between OQPSK and PI/4-QPSK: 1. Offset QPSK (OQPSK): Phase Shifts: OQPSK is a form of QPSK … Read more

Phase Shift Keying (PSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) are both digital modulation techniques used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. The key difference between them lies in the number of phase shifts used to represent symbols and, consequently, the amount of information each symbol carries. … Read more

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and 4-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) are both digital modulation techniques used in communication systems, but they differ in their modulation schemes and the way they represent information. Let’s delve into the details of the differences between QPSK and 4-QAM: 1. QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying): Phase Shifts: QPSK uses four … Read more

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a digital modulation scheme used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. Let’s explore the modulation of QPSK in detail: 1. Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Basics: Binary Representation: PSK is a type of digital modulation where the phase of the carrier signal … Read more

Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) is a digital modulation scheme that modulates the phase of a carrier signal to represent binary data. In BPSK, there are two possible phase shifts that correspond to the two binary symbols (0 and 1). Let’s explore the phase shift of BPSK in detail: 1. BPSK Modulation Basics: Binary Representation: … Read more

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a digital cellular technology that allows multiple users to share the same frequency band simultaneously. It is a multiple access technique that enables the transmission of multiple signals over the same frequency spectrum by assigning a unique code to each user. CDMA is widely used in mobile communication systems, … Read more

In Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, an orthogonal code, often referred to as a spreading code or sequence, is a crucial component that enables multiple users to share the same frequency spectrum simultaneously. The use of orthogonal codes is fundamental to the success of CDMA, allowing for efficient and interference-resistant communication. Let’s delve into … Read more

Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) is a mobile communication standard that combines time division duplexing (TDD) with code division multiple access (CDMA) technologies. It was developed as an alternative 3G standard to WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) and CDMA2000. TD-SCDMA is predominantly used in China and represents a unique approach to providing high-speed data and … Read more

Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a digital modulation technique used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. 8-PSK, or 8-Phase Shift Keying, is a specific modulation scheme within the PSK family that uses eight different phase shifts to represent a set of three bits per symbol. Let’s explore … Read more

8PSK (8-Phase Shift Keying) and QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) are both digital modulation techniques used in communication systems to transmit data by varying the phase of the carrier signal. The primary difference between them lies in the number of phase shifts used to represent symbols and, consequently, the amount of information each symbol carries. … Read more