The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is a critical component in a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network. GPRS is a packet-switched technology that enables mobile devices to transmit and receive data efficiently, allowing for services like internet browsing, multimedia messaging, and other data applications. The GGSN plays a central role in managing the connection ... Read more
The Radio Network Controller (RNC) is a crucial component in the architecture of 3G (Third Generation) mobile communication systems. It plays a central role in the management and control of radio resources within the UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network), ensuring the efficient operation of WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) networks. Here’s a detailed ... Read more
The TX diversity methods in the open-loop mode are as below Space time-block coding-based transmit-antenna diversity (STTD) Time-switched transmit diversity (TSTD). In UMTS STTD the data to be transmitted is divided between two UMTS transmission antennas at the base station site and transmitted simultaneously. The UMTS channel-coded data is processed in blocks of four bits. ... Read more